The Effects Of Maternal Alcohol Use On A Fetus - 1755 Words

Even though there are many studies that highlight the damaging effects of maternal alcohol use on a fetus in utero, there are a multitude of other substances that are used by pregnant mothers that have similar and even, in some cases, more extreme repercussions such as marijuana, heroin, and cocaine. When speaking about pregnancy and drug use, the most common drug that comes to mind is alcohol. During 12 years of schooling, most people are exposed, at one point or another, to the idea of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and the detrimental effects of alcohol on a fetus in utero. The effects of maternal use of the aforementioned illicit drugs is less studied, partially because they are used less frequently. It is important, however, that as a population, we become more educated about these drugs and the potentially life threatening outcomes for babies in utero. Four percent of women in the United States have reported using drugs during pregnancy (Jutras-Aswad, DiNieri, Harkany, Hurd, 2009). Ac cording to records, marijuana is the most commonly used drug during pregnancy (Jutras-Aswad et al., 2009). Of the four percent of women who claimed that they used a drug during their pregnancy, 75% of those individuals labeled marijuana as their drug of choice (Jutras-Aswad et al., 2009). The percentage of users during pregnancy jumps to 7% when users included the times they used marijuana while breastfeeding (Hayatbakhsh et al., 2011). Genetics plays a role in how maternal cannabis intake canShow MoreRelatedIn Today’S Society Healthcare Is Changing Rapidly, Mainly1099 Words   |  5 Pagesthat should be addressed is Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS). The valuable information found within so many resources allows for better prevention of FAS, patient centered care, and quality of care for not only the mother, but for the fetus as well. It is important to be able to have access to all types of resources, know how to interpret the information they are providing, educate the patient , and put it into practice in order to put an end to issues like Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. One of the issues thatRead MoreThe Effects Of Air Pollution On Reproductive Health1376 Words   |  6 Pagesdefects or termination of a pregnancy. Subjective teratogens are substances in which the mother consumes that cause defects to the child or also termination of a pregnancy. Substances such as air pollution, pesticides and mercury, as well as tobacco, alcohol and drugs are reported as having environmental and subjective teratogenic properties. Airborne particle matter small enough to penetrate human respiratory tracts are referred to as air pollutants; environmental teratogens. â€Å"The bulk of all air pollutionRead MoreDepression And Anxiety786 Words   |  4 Pagesduring pregnancy and greatly effect a women’s health behaviors. The impact of women’s mental health on alcohol use is very significant to examine as prenatal alcohol use, which is common and can have serious negative consequences for the evolving fetus. Elevated symptoms of depression and anxiety can increase risk for binge drinking during pregnancy. Alcohol use during pregnancy may be associated with extremely detrimental effects for the developing fetus. Prenatal alcohol exposure is one of the leadingRead MoreThe Responsibility of Becoming Parents1506 Words   |  7 Pagesphysical health. The pregnant woman should not just ensure that the pregnancy affect her adversely, but also that she does not affect her baby’s prenatal adversely. The parent is the only route which different environmental factors can enter the fetus. Additionally, she is also the most critical environment that can severely affect the child prenatal development, which will later have some alarming consequences on the child’s postnatal and adult life. What the mother do during her pregnancy affectsRead MoreThe Disorder Of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome1018 Words   |  5 Pagesthe disorder Fetal Alcohol Syndrome .This paper will aim to discuss what the disorder is ,it s history how it is diagnosed and the treatment and prevention of this disorder. Taking a sip a int hip Introduction :Behold, thou shalt conceive, and bear a son; and now drink no wine nor strong drink, neither eat any unclean thing(Bible-Judges 13:7).It has been known throughout history that the effects of alcohol use in pregnancy canRead MoreFetal Alcohol Syndrome The Effects of Alcohol on a Fetus During Pregnancy1727 Words   |  7 Pages Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is caused by fetal exposure to alcohol during pregnancy and is characterized by specific patters of fetal deformities. Researchers are unsure at what stage in the pregnancy these malformations occur or the amount of alcohol consumed to cause these deformities. FAS is the leading cause of mental retardation that is preventable. There are usually three factors pertaining to a diagnosis of FAS: â€Å"the presence of prenatal/postnatal growth retardation, craniofacial anomaliesRead MoreAlcohol Use For Disease Control And Prevention1446 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Alcohol Use in Pregnancy.† CDC. 17 April 2014. We b. 20 April 2016. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention states that there is no known safe amount of alcohol use during pregnancy or while trying to get pregnant. The article suggests that â€Å"women also should not drink alcohol if they are sexually active and do not use effective contraception (birth control). This is because a women might get pregnant and expose her baby to alcohol before the mother knows she is pregnant.Read MoreThe Conception Process Of A Sperm Cell1709 Words   |  7 Pagesoffspring intertwine but do not join. The Fetal period: Lasting about seven months. The fetus is about 3 inches long and weighs about 3 ounces. The fetus begins to move, the extremities are distinguishable, during the fourth month and the sixth month the fetus would be almost formed I would have gained another half-pound to a pound. An irregular breathing movements occur. After the 25 weeks of conception, the fetus would have a chance of surviving outside the womb. However, it may need some help forRead MoreThe Maternal Depression During Pregnancy Essay1120 Words   |  5 PagesMATERNAL DEPRESSION DURING PREGNANCY Sasha Safi 20122595 Notre Dame University PSL 310 Dr. Lara El Khatib January, 7, 2016 MATERNAL DEPRESSION DURING PREGNANCY When pregnant especially for the first time many women inform themselves on things they can do that are beneficial for the growth and development of their baby and things they should avoid or not do since it can be dangerous for their baby such as smokingRead MoreHow Substance Abuse Negatively Affects The Baby While During1328 Words   |  6 Pagesmany types of substance abuse such as alcohol, tobacco, and drug abuse. Most likely when women choose to engage in these types of activities it causes harm to the child and birth defects. Long term and short term deformities and conditions are present in the child. Other factors play a part into why women abuse substance such as stress, depression, and mental issues. More treatment and pre-education should provided to women to inform them of the cause and effects of substance abuse. One major substance

Analysis Of Life Is Fine By Langston Hughes - 1191 Words

Poetry is a complicated yet beautiful artform. It allows for an individual to express their emotions and ideas by painting a picture using eloquent lines. Although alluring, poetry is also perplexing. It is almost impossible to fully understand what the author was exactly trying to get across in writing. There are however, multiple factors that can be used to help analyze poetry to get a better feel of that certain piece. In this paper, I will be analyzing Life Is Fine by Langston Hughes using irony, symbols, tone, rhyme, rhythm and meter. This poem consists of nine stanzas altogether. Three of the stanzas are written in italics. I believe that the reason that they are written in italics is to show that this poem is a monologue. The†¦show more content†¦It’s almost as if Hughes is trying to show that in life, most of the time you just dive right in without thinking about the consequences. But then, life turns around and bites you in the butt leaving you crying, hollering, and in shock from the â€Å"cold†. Even though it catches you off guard, frightens and shocks you, you still survive. You survive by fighting, and resisting the urge to sink. The elevator represents life as well, but in a different way. The stanza about the elevator states â€Å"I thought about my baby And I thought I would jump down† (14-15). I think that these two lines do a great job portraying that in life, a lot of times, you feel powerless and you want to just give up; however, you must remember those around you who are ruiting and depending on you. Often times, this can lead to stepping back and consciously choosing to not give up, and the main character does not give up at the end of this stanza. There are three distinct tones in this poem. The poem right away has a very melancholy tone, which starts off by just describing how the main individual is having a hard time thinking and decides to go for a swim. But then, the individual is enveloped in suffering: â€Å"I came up once and hollered† (5). Pain is also quite prevalent emotion in this stanza: â€Å"I came up twice and cried† (6). Stanza 7 is where the tonal shift begins: â€Å"I could’ve died for love-But forShow MoreRelatedReoccurring Themes in the Work of Langston Hughes Essay1649 Words   |  7 PagesLangston Hughes is an extremely successful and well known black writer who emerged from the Harlem Renaissance (â€Å"Langston Hughes† 792). He is recognized for his poetry and like many other writers from the Harlem Renaissance, lived most of his life outside of Harlem (â€Å"Langston Hughes† 792). His personal experiences and opinions inspire his writing intricately. Unlike other wr iters of his time, Hughes expresses his discontent with black oppression and focuses on the hardships of his people. Hughes’Read MorePoem Analysis : Langston Hughes Poem1258 Words   |  6 Pages Research Paper and Poem Analysis: Langston Hughes Poem Analysis: Langston Hughes’ poem â€Å"Mother To Son† is a twenty line poem that seems to be from the perspective of a prudent mother that is giving her son, and possibly the readers, some helpful and supportive advice, telling them that, no matter how many adversities they may face, they can not give up. I believe that this is the main theme of the poem, perseverance. â€Å"So, boy, don’t you turn back./ Don’t you set down on the steps./ ‘Cause youRead MoreLangston Hughes ´ Memories in His Poems Essay834 Words   |  4 Pagesspecial purpose as the things you do in life shapes you into the person you will become. Today, many authors and poets make use of their memories and experiences in their work as a way to reflect back on their lives, raise awareness, or just simply to tell a story. As a prominent contributor to the Harlem Renaissance, Langston Hughes was an inspirational poet who highlighted many aspects of the urban life of African-Americans through reflections of his own life and experiences. As a writer, a poetRead MoreThe Negro Speaks Of Rivers1548 Words   |  7 PagesLangston Hughes was an American poet, novelist, and playwright whose African-American themes names him a primary contributor to the Harlem Renaissance of the 1920s. After moving from several cities, Hughes and his mother finally settled in Cleveland, Ohio. During this time, Hughes began to write poetry. One of his teachers introduced him to the poetry of Carl Sandburg and Walt Whitman, both whom Hughes would later cite as primary influences. By the time Hughes was enrolled at Columbia UniversityRead MoreShort Story Reactions Lit/1251644 Words   |  7 PagesReactions to â€Å"Salvation† This short story by Langston Hughes left me confused. I still wonder if he was saved or not; whether â€Å"salvation† should be the title of the story or not. â€Å"I was saved from sin when I was going on thirteen. But not really saved.† (Salvation, 351). This is how the story begins, with a contradiction. I suppose this some what grabbed me in interest for a while, but I do have to admit that I never truly understood if Hughes was â€Å"saved† or not. It almost seemed to me that thereRead MoreAnalysis Of Angie Thomass The Hate U Give786 Words   |  4 PagesAlthough this essay was written several years before the Harlem Renaissance was in full swing, the quote by Dubois is a precursor to the brilliance to come. Its also worth noting that Starrs experience in The Hate U Give solidly parallels Du Boiss analysis of Double-Consciousness. One of the major themes in The Hate U Give is the â€Å"two-ness† that the main character faces. Although she is from a poorer neighborhood, she attends a private school in an affluent area. Because the dialogue surroundingRead MoreNot Without Laughter Study Guide9912 Words   |  40 PagesLiterature Study Guide Not Without Laughter by Langston Hughes For the online version of BookRags Not Without Laughter Literature Study Guide, including complete copyright information, please visit: http://www.bookrags.com/studyguide-not-without-laughter/ Copyright Information  ©2000-2012 BookRags, Inc. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. The following sections of this BookRags Literature Study Guide is offprint from Gales For Students Series: Presenting Analysis, Context, and Criticism on Commonly Studied Works:Read MoreLiterary Analysis Of Gwendolyn Brooks s The Bean Eaters 1907 Words   |  8 Pagesencouraged; after reading her seven-year-old daughter s precocious poetry, Brooks s mother proclaimed to her, You are going to be a poet. Brooks published her first poem at age thirteen in American Childhoodmagazine. At age sixteen she met Langston Hughes , who read her poems and offered encouragement after a poetry reading. After graduating from an integrated high school in 1934, Brooks was a regular poetry contributor to the Chicago Defender beginning in 1934. After graduating from Wilson JuniorRead MoreHaving Our Say Essay9582 Words   |  39 Pageshttp://www.bookrags.com/studyguide-having-our-say/ Copyright Information  ©2000-2011 BookRags, Inc. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. The following sections of this BookRags Literature Study Guide is offprint from Gales For Students Series: Presenting Analysis, Context, and Criticism on Commonly Studied Works: Introduction, Author Biography, Plot Summary, Characters, Themes, Style, Historical Context, Critical Overview, Criticism and Critical Essays, Media Adaptations, Topics for Further Study, CompareRead MoreJazz Albums as Art Essay4662 Words   |  19 Pagessought new, more aggressive marketing techniques. The W.P.A. had sponsored artists to design murals, book illustrations, and other works of nonspecialized audience appeal and the American public was more aware than ever of visual art as part of everyday life. Many of those who entered the new field of album cover design had worked for one or more of the Federal governments work relief projects and brought to the new job the radical consciousness of the era. It is not so surprising that David Stone Martin

Evidence for Nursing Model of Clinical Judgement

Question: Describe about the Evidence for Nursing for the Model of Clinical Judgement. Answer: Part 1: General Content Questions Importance of using short and specific search terms in database search instead of long descriptive sentences Short and specific search terms easily identify information that an individual is searching for from the database. It does it in a way that can easily be interpreted by the search engine in its retrieval of necessary records. Descriptive sentences are ambiguous and commonly fail to retrieve the required records (Bernadette Fineout-Overholt, 2011). A search term is a query that leads to the information that an individual is searching. It should hence be short and specific. Descriptive sentences may lead to misinterpretation of the search statement. Relationship between two frameworks that underpin Tanner's Model of Clinical Judgement and Evidence-Based Practice The two frameworks that underpin Tanner's Model of Clinical Judgement and evidence-based practice are needs of the patient and the patient's health problems. There is a great relationship between the two. A patient's needs and health problems are concerns that worry the individual. Needs and health concerns are conditions that need urgent attention. An individual would only be happy and also feel comfortable when his or her needs are all met. At the same time, an individual would feel well and comfortable when his or her health problems are all sorted out. The purpose of a systematic review compared with a single randomized controlled trial A systematic review advocates for the use of meta-analysis component. The component involves the usage of statistical methods in the synthesis of data. The data is finally reduced to a quantitative estimate. A single randomized controlled trial is based on probability. There is no guarantee of surety. One has to stick with the result of the controlled trial irrespective of the kind of result that has been obtained (Alba , Gordon , Donna , 2015). Appraisal of the quality of a systematic review The quality of a systematic review is based on the performance of the selected statistical method. It the statistical method performs poorly then it is highly likely to compromise the quality of the systematic review. However, it the performance is good and outstanding, then the high quality review should also be expected at the same time (Abernethy, Currow, Frith, 2003). Part 2: Research Methodology and Results: Advantage of using randomised control trail study design in the article by Abernethy et al., 2013 The use of randomised control trail became advantageous because it was the only alternative at hand that could be used. The participants recorded completely different scores. The score could hence not be relied on. Instead, a randomised control strategy remained as the only alternative since it was not based on the outcome of the majority (Abernethy, Currow, Frith, 2003). Primary and secondary outcomes in the study The primary outcome is the very immediate results that were obtained from the study. In the study, the outcome is the thirty-eight participants who completed the study. The outcome further describes the members. The majority of them were senior men who suffered from the chronic pulmonary disease (Shifaza, Evans, Bradley, 12-55). They had been put on supplemental oxygen. The body functions of the individuals weren't in perfect condition. The secondary outcome, on the other hand, provides any additional results, for example, the information regarding the ten individual participants who withdrew over the period. Why the study used to cross over design Cross was used because it could easily be controlled by double-blind, peaceable as well as the randomised method. The process would not be the same if design method would have been used. It was hence appropriate for the cross to be used. Has the study used adequate sample size? Yes, the study used an adequate sample size. A total of 48 participants were identified. The number was large enough and was hence more representative regarding the total existing population. A good sample size should not be too small. At the same time, the number shouldn't be enormous to the extent that it poses management challenges. How the author assess dyspnoea in the study The author argues that patients who were treated with morphine showed positive improvements in the later times of the day compared to patients who had been put on placebo treatment. The author, therefore, indicates that dyspnoea is a treatable disease. However, its treatment depends on the kind of medicine that is administered to the patient. Some medicines responded positively towards the treatment of the disease while others didn't record an immediate impact. Looking at figure 2 above, the p-value is 0.05. This shows that the overlap area of Placebo control and oral Morphine ranges between 0.006 and 0.05. It is equal to 0.006, but less than 0.05. The P value, therefore, lies within the region of Oral Morphine. In other words, it indicates positive improvements (Alba , Gordon , Donna , 2015). Thinking of the overall result from the case study and the presented figure, the results show that oral morphine effectively treats refractory dyspnoea. The patients showed average improvement and eventually high improvement when morphine was administered to them. However, a negative response was recorded when placebo was administered to the patients. The patients didn't record any improvement at all. Effect of Morphine on the sleep of the participants Morphine never interfered with the sleep patterns of most patients. Very few participants who were placed on the medicine complained that they experienced breathlessness as a result of using the medicine and hence disturbed their sleep. According to bmj.com, the statistical data showed p=0.039. Consideration of Morphine therapy for patients who are suffering from refractory dyspnoea I would consider Morphine therapy for treatment of my patients. Tests have shown that morphine is an effective medicine in the treatment of refractory dyspnoea. Placebo which is the other alternative treatment mechanism has recorded no positive impact on patients. However, several side effects come along with the administration of Morphine. Such side effects include nausea, vomiting, sedation and chest pains (Alba , Gordon , Donna , 2015). I would still downplay the side effects because it is not guaranteed that all the patients who are placed on Morphine are likely to experience the side effects. The medical research showed that out of a total of 38 patients, only ten withdrew from the morphine treatment following the side effects (Shifaza, Evans, Bradley, 12-55). From the statistics, over 50% of the patients didn't experience any problem with the medicine. I would only advise my patient to withdraw from the medicine if he or she experiences the side effects. Relative risk of healing (RR), absolute risk difference (ARD) and number needed to treat (NNT) Relative risk healing is the average number of patients who were healed after treatment. The average risk would hence be (60% + 75%)/2 = 67.5%. The absolute risk difference, on the other hand, would be given by; 75% - 60% = 15%. Finally, the total number needed to treat was considered to be 100% Interpretation of RR, ARD, and NNT The relative risk healing of leg ulcer under the two bandages is above average. The difference between the two methods is also slight. As a result, the ARD is only 12%. The two methods can be applied to any given number of patients. Comparison between bandage A and bandage B It is good to use bandage B over bandage A in the treatment of leg ulcers. Bandage B treated a higher percentage of patients compared to bandage A. It treated 75% of patients while bandage A treated 60% of patients. Anyone who is in need of urgent treatment would, therefore, go for the bandage that has a higher chance of treatment. The results are therefore clinically significant. Part 3: Implementation of EBP Barriers to implementing new research findings into clinical practice There are several barriers that that hinder the implementation of new research findings in the clinical practice. Most sources have indicated that the poor support from the health organizations where nurses work has been the primary barrier. The conclusion has been attributed to factors such as quality of the research, presentation of the research, and research value and communication criterion of the research (Alba , Gordon , Donna , 2015). The major barriers include inadequate time, poor statistical understanding and inability to change patient care due to lack of authority. Why it is important for to take this subject as preparation for my role as a junior clinician The subject of Evidence for Nursing is very important for my role as a junior clinician. The practices that mainly focus on research findings are likely to lead to patients' improvements. The practices would also equip me with knowledge and skills that would contribute towards that improvement of the settings within the healthcare centre (Bernadette Fineout-Overholt, 2011). The subject also enables me to be more dynamic and effective in my area of specialisation. As a result, I would be able to make appropriate clinical decisions that I would otherwise not been able to make. Finally, the subject provides knowledge that can promote operations within the hospital settings, a move that would greatly benefit patients (Youngblut Brooten, 2011). References Abernethy, A. P., Currow, D. C., Frith, P. F. (2003). Randomised, double blind, placebo controlled crossover trial of ... British Medical Journal, 523-526. Alba , D., Gordon , G., Donna , C. (2015). Evidence-based Nursing: A Guide to Clinical Practice. Chicago: Elsevier Health Sciences. Bernadette , M. M., Fineout-Overholt, E. (2011). Evidence-based Practice in Nursing Healthcare: A Guide to Best Practice. Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Shifaza, F., Evans, D., Bradley, H. (12-55). Nurses Perceptions of Barriers and Facilitators to Implement EBP in the Maldives. Advances in Nursing, 2014. Youngblut , J. M., Brooten, M. (2011). Evidence-based nursing practice: why is it important? Pubmed, 33-59.

Consumer Behavior Theories Approaches and Models Sample Solution

Question: Discuss about the Consumer Behaviour Theory for Approaches and Models. Answer: Introduction Consumers have their individual needs which make them unique by themselves as they are different from each other. They also have different consumer behaviours and consumer patterns. It is the marketing companies and the brands which makes the satisfy the needs of the consumers. The brands can offer various products and services which are uniquely designed according to the needs of the Consumers. In this article we would conduct an analysis with respect to the stages involved in purchasing a product and a service and we would discuss the factors which determine the consumer behaviour. Finally, based on Maslows Hierarchy of needs we would also analyse which of the factors the product fulfils. Steps involved in making a decision to purchase the product / service of your choice Decision making process in terms of a product or a service is a complex process however there is a specific process which it involves before and after the product is bought. This happens especially because the Consumer is influenced by various choices while he chooses to make his purchase. For example, the product I would choose would be a delectable Michel Cluizel Chocolate which is hard to resist. The various stages which are involved in a Consumer Decision making process are dependent on five main stages which have been developed by Engel, Blackwell and Kollat (1968) like Problem / need recognition, information search, evaluation of alternative models, decision to make the purchase and post purchase behaviour Problem / need recognition The need recognition is the most critical evaluation process which is required to decide whether a product has to be purchased. Considering the example we have chosen of a Michel Cluizel Chocolate, the need recognition is the most important aspect because if there is no craving or the need to consume the product, there is no need to buy it Mata Nunes 2010). To be able to realise or recognise the need to buy the product, one has to develop his own stimuli which can help him realise the physiological need to consume it. Information search The information search about a specific product depends on the urge of the person to seek various solutions or answers to his existing issue or a question. In case of consuming the chocolate, the person could do his homework on the positive facts and the negative facts of consuming it Jane, Stephen David (2013, p 17-19). Alternative Evaluation This stage happens after the person collects the information and this could also be termed as a decision making stage. Decision to make the purchase The basis of all the facts collected in the earlier stages provides the final power to make a purchase Milkman, Chugh, Bazerman (2009, p 379 - 383). Post Purchase behaviour In the final stage, the consumer goes through a process where he evaluates his decision of having purchased the chocolate and having consumed it. It is this final stage which has a great say on the brand or the product as the Consumer might have decided by then whether he has to decide to buy the product or should he refrain in the future. Identify and discuss four factors which might impact on a consumer decision making process to buy a selected brand of a product or a service. The effect of various factors on a consumer decision making process to buy a selected brand of a product or a service is dependent on various aspects like cultural, social, personal and psychological. Cultural Factors Culture has a large say on developing a personal liking towards a specific product or a practice. A person is highly influenced by his family or his own community where he grows up and spends most of his life. This will tend to help the individual to develop preferences for some products and will also help him to adapt them into their culture as a part of their lives Aribarg, Foutz (2009, p 518 - 530). Our example of a Chocolate has made its way into every Country and every culture where it predominantly has been accepted as a sweet treat. Social Factors Social factors evolve out of groups where the individuals are influenced by some of the habits which they cultivate and they also make them as a part of their life in the process. There is a close realtion between this fact and the product chosen as it is the quickest reach of a sweet treat to say that we are happy to someone or to celebrate any cause (NSW Ministerial Advisory Committee on Ageing 2004). Personal Factors Personal factors are dependent on the lifestyle and the ages of the consumers as the buying patterns are different at various age groups. People who are in the age groups of50 70 are much less likely to purchase a chocolate than those who are in the age groups of 15 35 Mata Nunes (2010, p - 289). Psychological Factors Various psychological factors like motivational aspects and perception related thinking have a major influence on the consumer behaviour. Based on Maslows Hierarchy of Needs, which levels of needs do you think this product / service fulfils Based on Maslows Hierarchy of Needs, an individual is usually motivated by various needs which he feel that he should achieve like Physiological needs Safety Needs Need to like a specific product or love it or the feeling to belong to it Need to have a great esteem or a feeling towards himself or others as well Need to self actualise (Kotler Armstrong 2010) The product we have chosen is Michel Cluizel Chocolate and it satisfies the Physiological needs of a person where the need to recognise it by a Consumer arises in various ways like internal and external stimuli (BS 2014a). Internal stimuli could be a need to satisfy his need or a physiological need and external stimuli could be because of an advertisement of a specific product or it could even be the enduring smell of the chocolate Jones Shaw McClean (2011, p 496). The physiological need of Maslows Hierarchy of Needs is justified by three needs like functional need, social need and need for change. Functional need The special aspects of the product or the chocolate in this case could be the functional aspects. It could involve the specialty of making the chocolate like the hand made chocolates which are available in the present market and they could also be Michel Cluizel or the Swiss Chocolates which are special in todays market. Social need The social need is formed because of the association of the person with the others in a group or by being associated with a social group which makes those products. Need for Change Sometimes the Consumers feel like changing their needs or practices which they follow in their life where some of which could also be their eating and living methods. This could also be to embrace new habits or practices in their life to see an improvement or any specific change targeting some objective of their life. References Aribarg, A., Foutz, N. Z 2009, Category-based screening in choice of complementary products, Journal of Marketing Research, 46(4), pp. 518-530 Bray, J. P 2008, Consumer Behaviour Theory: Approaches and Models, Discussion Paper. Bournemouth University. Bournemouth Jane P, Stephen C David S 2013, Consumer Behaviour, Course Taster, 1 (4), pp. 17-19 Jones, D. G. B., Shaw, E. H., McClean, P. A 2011, The Modern Schools of Marketing Thought, In P. Maclaran, Saren, M., Stern, B., Tadajewski, M. (Ed.), The SAGE handbook of marketing theory. London: SAGE Publications Ltd, 11(4), pp. 496. Kotler, P., Armstrong, G 2010, Principles of marketing, (13th ed.): Prentice Hall Mata, R., Nunes, L 2010, when less is enough: Cognitive aging, information search, and decision quality in consumer choice, Psychology and aging, 25(2) pp.289 Milkman, K. L., Chugh, D., Bazerman, M. H 2009, How can decision making be improved?, Perspectives on Psychological Science, 4(4) pp. 379-383 BS 2014a. Australian Historical Population Statistics 2014, ABS cat. no. 3105.0.65.001. Canberra: ABS, Viewed on Aug 19th 2016, https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/mf/3105.0.65.001 NSW Ministerial Advisory Committee on Ageing 2004, Paying the price: the impact of mature age unemployment on government services, NSW Ministerial Advisory Committee on Ageing, Sydney, Viewed on Aug 19th 2016, https://www.maca.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0019/141535/Paying_the_price.pdf

House Burning Down Essays - Startup Cult, David Meece,

House Burning Down It was in the middle of winter on a dark smoggy night, chills were running through the house in and out of my room like a quiet ghost silently coming and silently going. As I lie awake in my bed thinking of what the next day should bring, my eye's start to grow heavy as I doze off. In the distance I hear a faint booming sound, soon it starts getting louder and louder and still louder until I could hear nothing but the noise. I was unpleasantly startled and hurried over to my window. As I look out I could see nothing but smoke and fire, catching this by surprised I ran to my little brother's room, finding no one. Then in the distance I could hear faint voices of terror calling my name. It sounded as if it was coming from out side, so I ran as fast as my Nike slippers could carry me down the stairs and outside into my front yard. I find the rest of my family there, along with my neighbors and their son, my best friend. I just stood there in horror with the rest of my family and friends. We had no idea what had happened. The next morning I really don't remember very clearly, but what I did was reading the news paper and coming across an article about a house burning down not to far from mine. I really didn't know what exactly to think at that time until it all clicked upstairs. The noise the night before had been the house burning down and the natural gas line exploding. Later in the article it said that our block of houses wouldn't have any natural gas heating until the line was repaired. The first thing I did was run to the kitchen, finding my Mother and Father there fixing breakfast. I started talking so fast I really don't even know what came out. My Mom told me to calm down and sit at the table. Doing so she gave me a glass of milk, and seeing that I was distressed sat down next to me and asked me what was on my mind. Taking full advantage of her attention I told her as slowly and detailed as possible at the time being. As soon as I had finished my frantic attempt to sler all that out, she didn't laugh at me but just got that look in her eyes where you know that she didn't believe a word of it. The fist thing she said in response was "Where did you hear about this?" I answered her as fast as possible "In the news paper" Stunned at my at my quick answer she told me to bring her the article. So I ran back up the stairs and snatched the paper from my red race car shaped bed. When I got down stairs I laid the article out flat in front of my mom's face. A subtle but shocked look arose on my mother's face, as she sank deeper into her chair. Shutting off the radio, I sat down next to my dad asking him what we were going to do for heat, he just answered "I don't know I just don't know." shaking his head in resistance. Later that day I was over at a friend's house who had heat. We were playing a video game and eating chips in his living room. The walls had many game heads on them, one of the nicer ones was a whole stuffed mountain lion that his dad once had a special tag to hunt. The whole time I was there I was brainstorming on how to get heat in our house. Soon I was in the back seat of our extended cab black GMC pickup. My little brother was on my mom's lap and my dad was just starting to drive onto the onramp. Which is not an easy task on a daily basis, when you live in New York. As soon as we started getting close to the freeway there was a huge traffic jam. I think we must have been there for about and hour and a half. I don't really remember because I was trying to go to sleep. When I woke up we were on the freeway driving about 40 m.p.h. because there were so many cars. But soon we were back in my neighborhood. We stopped at the local McDonald's to get some lunch. Luckily my dad had gotten his pay check

Free Essays on Concert Report

May 3, 2003 Music Journal I couldn’t have been roused any more to amazement by our own Hunter symphony college choir. Their incredible physical music flow, extraordinary quality and quantity of songs, intensive energy, picture-perfect orchestral atmosphere, and committed artistic style of individuality and conformity as a whole stroke me in the brain of musical pleasure zone and took my breath away. Yes, it was that good. As a newcomer of classical music, I regret I haven’t been to more large and organized musical orchestra before. I couldn’t help but fell in love the solemn live orchestral music It was Saturday 7:00 pm, May 3rd, I sat in the front row of the balcony wondering about the waste of this Saturday night for a mandatory report. But briefly after beginning of their first program music, my wonders and suspicions flew off to the sky. My mind was occupied by the music instantly. All people around me were quiet and respectful; therefore I could enjoy the music without any vocal or visual distraction. As second orchestra sat and toned in and ready to play Bach’s piece â€Å"Actus tragicus: Gottes Zeit ist die allerbeste Zeit†, I couldn’t be more excited, just like I was waiting to see a blockbuster movie in theater. But this live orchestra shouldn’t compare with any movie I have watched; it was far better accomplished, realistic, spirit lifting and artistic entertaining than any recent movies. I came in with free admission as Hunter College Student, but it was even worth to pay $9.50 to watch this. With every pulls of bow at violin, strokes on the timpani, blows in trombone and singing in chorus, I am affected by their dedicated professionalism, overwhelming musical energy, and orchestral togetherness. Finally, Mozart’s Requiem brought us to the climax. His unfinished Requiem is very mysterious and va... Free Essays on Concert Report Free Essays on Concert Report May 3, 2003 Music Journal I couldn’t have been roused any more to amazement by our own Hunter symphony college choir. Their incredible physical music flow, extraordinary quality and quantity of songs, intensive energy, picture-perfect orchestral atmosphere, and committed artistic style of individuality and conformity as a whole stroke me in the brain of musical pleasure zone and took my breath away. Yes, it was that good. As a newcomer of classical music, I regret I haven’t been to more large and organized musical orchestra before. I couldn’t help but fell in love the solemn live orchestral music It was Saturday 7:00 pm, May 3rd, I sat in the front row of the balcony wondering about the waste of this Saturday night for a mandatory report. But briefly after beginning of their first program music, my wonders and suspicions flew off to the sky. My mind was occupied by the music instantly. All people around me were quiet and respectful; therefore I could enjoy the music without any vocal or visual distraction. As second orchestra sat and toned in and ready to play Bach’s piece â€Å"Actus tragicus: Gottes Zeit ist die allerbeste Zeit†, I couldn’t be more excited, just like I was waiting to see a blockbuster movie in theater. But this live orchestra shouldn’t compare with any movie I have watched; it was far better accomplished, realistic, spirit lifting and artistic entertaining than any recent movies. I came in with free admission as Hunter College Student, but it was even worth to pay $9.50 to watch this. With every pulls of bow at violin, strokes on the timpani, blows in trombone and singing in chorus, I am affected by their dedicated professionalism, overwhelming musical energy, and orchestral togetherness. Finally, Mozart’s Requiem brought us to the climax. His unfinished Requiem is very mysterious and va... Free Essays on Concert Report I attended the Care For Children's Charity Symphony Orchestra’s classical concert series â€Å"Beethoven’s Fifth", on Thursday night, with my mom, in Monmouth, New Jersey. All of the proceeds of this night, went to research for cancer, and to help pay medical bills of children already suffering for Cancer. My mom told me about it this past week, and the timing was great for this project. However, I am glad I was able to attend anyway, to see so many people that came out to benefit and support this charity. That alone, was enough for me. The first half of the concert was introduced by a short and lively movement Rondo in D major of Mozart, and continued with Bernstein’s Symphony No. 2. The second half of the concert was devoted to the four-movement work, Beethoven’s Symphony No. 5 in C minor. Like I said, there were so many people there, and the hall was much more crowded than I expected. Everybody dressed nice and talked quietly. The concert host came out and gave a brief description of the piece that was about to be played. It was very informative and fun. I was impressed by the way the host handled some of the questions asked by the audience. After the preview the musicians came out and tuned their instruments, cued by the concertmaster. The orchestra was seated on the stage; the men wore tuxedos, the women wore black dresses or pants. Mozart’s Rondo in D major, K.382 This piece has a homophonic texture, and its form is a concert rondo. Besides the solo piano, there is a variety of aerophones, chordophones, and membranophones used in this piece. I had to look up each type of the instruments because I didnt recognize all of them. Among the aerophones were flute, oboe, French horn, and trumpet. The chordophones played included the violin, viola, cello, and double bass. Finally, the membranophone used for this piece was the timpani. This movement is a short set of variations, begins with the dance-like theme state...

A Case Study on Loctite Corporation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

A Case Study on Loctite Corporation - Essay Example There were two types of sales. Industrial and Permatix; out of two industrial subgroups one group sold directly to OEM and other one to MRO through distributors. OEM sales were for long duration however MRO sales were immediate. Permatix supplies were sold through chain of wholesalers and retailers through direct contact. In 1991, company was among best ones in terms of its market share and earning per share growth. The sales decreased in 1992 due to geographical territories. Within Mexican city limits sales were easily handled but for sales outside territories there was a major problem in fact loss in form of efforts such as time and money of sales people. Thus company experienced not only decrease in sales but also a major increase in turnover rate. As already mentioned that company suffered loss in 1992 due to decrease in sales and employee retention rate. So here it is understood that its actual output is not according to required standards. Hence the need is to implement effective control system to address discrepancies. Thus looking at the demands of industry and Mexican environment following are some of the important and unique suggestions for Jose Monteiro to regain market share and resolve other problems by implementing an effective control system. LOCTITE’S EFFECTIVENESS The initial activity which Jose Monteiro can follow is to observe how much effective the ‘Loctite’ is. For this purpose he needs to check that whether goals are attained or not. At present goals are not attained due to the reasons stated above. So Loctite is not effectively performing. To enhance its effectiveness in order to fill performance gap for goals achievement each and every aspect need to be considered to increase performanc e. Some most common aspects that need attention are mentioned below; 1. Jose can focus on effective planning thus stating goals appropriately and chalking out plans to achieve them. As according to research based on US organizations those firms were successful in adopting technology who focused on efficient planning techniques (Small and Yasin, 1997). Not the emphasis should be on extensive planning but also implementation of those plans must be prioritized. Most importantly, continuous improvement procedures can be implemented to control each and every step so that final outcome can be error free. 2. Mexicans never compromise their status they are very much conscious about it. As it is mentioned that the employees or sales people were earning attractive commissions but 75 percent of them have not earned any commission during the first half of the year 1992. Many of them also compromised their commissions for outside territory sales. As rewards and compensation is the major factor t hat organizations need to consider to satisfy their workforce. So Loctite authorities should design compensation policies in such a manner that even if there are no sales due to some poor and tough conditions the sales people should be paid up to certain percentage. This is because company is facing turnover problem. For it there is need to attract workforce which can be only possible if pay scales and job incentives are attractive. 3. Mexican organizations always adopt changes as they are serious in terms of business matters. If Loctite will be adaptive to changes it will able to overcome the loss

Terminating Fiber Optic Cable Using a Polish Method ,Testing Wired Essay

Terminating Fiber Optic Cable Using a Polish Method ,Testing Wired Media Both Copper and Fiber - Essay Example Company). For the termination of fiber optic, we first start the preparation for fiber termination that generally contains the procedure for gathering the supplies that we will furthermore require, cutting the Kevlar, stripping the outer jacket and buffer or coating. For supplies, we will definitely require safety glasses, connectors, a fiber disposal bin, epoxy and syringes, fiber optic cable and a polishing film.In addition, tools that are used in fiber optic termination consist of fiber notch, stripper, adjustable cable jacket stripper, Aramid fiber scissors, polishing glass plate, polishing puck plus a rubber pad to polish the PC connectors whose sole purpose is the single mode termination (CableOrganizer.com, Inc. Company). During this process we will prepare the fiber optics for termination. First we remove the cladding and the cover and then pursue the following steps: Fill the syringe by ready to use paste. Strip back the outer shield of the cable by using a rotary stripping tool. Restrain the Aramid safety component with ceramic or Kevlar scissors. Slide the twist relief boot onto the fiber to be terminated. Afterward Strip the main buffer of the fiber by using fiber strippers and be careful not to use ordinary wire strippers. Here we need to apply this on a small section at a time to avoid the fiber optic fracture, approximately 10mm (3/8 inches) on each cut will be fine until or unless we get used to it. Strip back about 30mm (1.25 inches). Then we will fix the connector. Then we need to inject the paste into the connector’s body for an expectation of a small drop that might comes out at the end of the ferrule. Clean the uncovered fiber by using fuzz free wipe as well as isopropyl alcohol, you would see that it will "squeak" when it is clean. Afterward we will apply the primer to the bare fiber either by using the brush supplied or by dropping it into the bottle. After that we will push the fiber into the

Popular Music, Youth and Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Popular Music, Youth and Education - Essay Example It is not very difficult for the present generations to identify themselves with the existing trend of popular music because of the existing trend, its mass appeal and flexibility. In this essay we are going to discuss how popular music appeals to the present generation and how it can be used in the field of education. Ben Highmore, author of his book titled ‘A Passion for Cultural Studies’ gives us an insightful background of his research on how culture influences us by infiltrating into our daily lives. He uses the aspect of culture in trying to convey key ideas based on various theories that are vital to cultural studies. He disseminates the complex problems that arise due to the pattern of migration, the change of taste among people, the attraction towards different commodities. According to Highmore ‘culture can move you, get under your skin and stir up your emotions.’ (Ben Highmore, 2009) In his book he speaks of ‘passions’ that were most prominent during the 18th century (Ben Highmore, 2009) and stated that it referred to different phenomena such as fear, pride, sympathy, jealousy and many other specific feelings that helped to describe the more experiential world around us and it is these ‘passions’ that has helped us analyze different theories against a cultural backdrop.

What Is Career Planning Commerce Essay

What Is Career Planning Commerce Essay Destiny, faith, dreams, these unstoppable ideas are held dip in the heart of men. As long as they are people who seek freedom in this life, this things shall not vanish from the earth. But most people die without realising this ideas. Would you let that chance pass you by? So i have to stand up and stop thinking like a scalar multitude (having a point of magnitude without a direction) but act like a vector (having a direction and a point of magnitude) i.e. doing a great career planning for myself. Firstly, what is career planning? The act of choosing a career path. In most cases it is done during adolescence and early adulthood. But it is often modified as changes in the self, the world or work change in the course of an individuals life. In other words career planning could be defined with different terms such as; career vocational counselling, vocational guidance and career guidance. Career planning could also be defined as the means through which we achieve our objectives and move closer to our goal. Career planning could be divided in to the vertical and horizontal direction. Horizontal career planning is based on the ways in which i will use to acquire the knowledge and skills of my dream job. In the other hand vertical career planning is based on the knowledge i have on the industry i wish to work for and how they have evolve over time.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   For a start, what is my point of magnitude? My point of magnitude is the pick of my dreams, which is becoming a branch manager in an international bank. To reach this goal i have to go through some steps. Firstly, gaining my necessary skills needed for the job. So to gain these skills i have to be orientated on how to gain a strong educational background on my career. I will start from the level of achieving an advance level certificate in social science with a good grade (mathematic, Economics, Geography and philosophy). This will lead me to the next step in achieving an HND certificate in banking and finance. From this step i will try to gain work experience by doing my internship for a bank under the customer service department. In addition, I will strive on having my bachelor degree in business management. At this point, I will look forth on holding the position of a cashier in a bank that has a promising career growth like Lloyds TSB. Whi le trying to match up with this new responsibility, I while look on having a master degree in business management. I will try to impress my employer by showing my vocation for my job and putting in my knowledge in relation to my task in other to gain promotion in my career as a head teller which is the first line manager. After having my master degree in business management and obtaining the post of head teller in the bank, I will aim for a step forward. That is, being the vault custodian in the bank which is next to my point of magnitude. And finally, due to hard work, determination and devotion in my job, my chasse comes to an end when I am being promoted to the branch manager of the bank. All this steps sounds easy in writing or in word but actually, it is not what it seems to be. Yes they are obstacle that I will meet on my way to the top and not forgetting that the dream is not only mine so they will be competition on the way too. Looking in to the post of customer service. After having my HND in banking and finance at the age of 21, I will aim for an internship in the bank. This should be under the department of customer service in a bank. The point of view of an overall banking process, customer service plays a very important role in a banks income and revenue. The functions of this department mainly include dealing with returns, exchanges and complaints. Basically, our goal is not only to help the customers deal with their problems, but also offer them a service that exceeds their expectations. Several key points are listed as follows: 1. Know your product Know what service we are offering to customers completely. Make sure you can answer every question the customer asked correctly and explain every process in our service programs. 2. Body Language Most of the communication that we show to others is done through body language. Make sure to look your customers in the eye while they are speaking. It shows that we are listening to them. Also, talk with a smile is never bad. 3. Anticipate What Customers Needs It can make customer have a feeling of We care about them everywhere then improve their trust about our service. A customer service experience can change my perception of the customers: what do they want? What do they need? How can we help them? The most important is how to do an effective communication with customers. It is the so called commutation skill. Because of this is my first job, I can also learn how to get on well with each other: those who manage me, those who I manage, my colleagues, especially my customers. With these new skills I will look on to the next step, which is to further my education and career by gaining a bachelor degree in business management and trying to secure the post as a cashier in a bank which has a promising career growth like Lloyds TSB. Moving forward, what is a cashier? A cashier is a person who receives money or card payment from the customers for the goods purchased. Wherever any purchase of goods or services involved in every institute minimum of one cashier is employed. The number of cashier employed can be varied due to the range of work and the size of company. The more a smooth transaction between a customer and supplier a cashier deals the more expert he is. His responsibilities is not just limited to the collection money, they may vary depending upon the type of employment. Bank cashiers are the front line officers for the enquiries of customers entering a bank branch. So I will be responsible for the face to face interaction with the customers usually using customised computer systems to process transactions and deal with account enquiries. I am also entitled to undertake many of the day to day routine and administration tasks. As I will be a fresh officer or often be called new entrant may start my job as a clerk helping the seniors in paperwork and administration in the back room of the bank to progress the bank cashier on the front desk dealing with customers accounts and enquiries. Senior bank cashier may supervise branch assistants, helping the customers in completing loan and mortgage applications, authorising loans or working in the foreign exchange section. This session will come to me whenever I will be able to promote myself from junior to senior. In the modern competitive financial services provision banks are operating a huge range of role. Bank cashiers are expected to market and sell financial products and services to customers. Cashiers should acquire a comprehensive knowledge of products and services offered by the bank. To promote myself in the position of a bank cashier the previous experiences and knowledge needed will come from the customer care officer as I will have been serving for six months in the same banking field. To be a bank cashier the following skills and qualities I must have: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Communicative skills with a wide range of people à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Play a role as a part of a team. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ be honest and reliable à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The ability to pay attention to accuracy and detail ins and outs à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Increased level of confidence in selling and marketing products to customers à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Knowledge in computer. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Be aware of confidentiality issues i.e. I must not disclose the inside information of the bank. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Provide a high quality and customer driven service. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Provide personalized, friendly and efficient cashiering service and also have temptation treating the customers fairly at the heart of their values. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Have a desire in acting as the first point of contact for customers in order to identify and address their needs and assist the bank in the achievement of its plan. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ To succeed in the role, I am likely to enjoy relating to others whilst following a routine and adhering to procedures. The day to day basic duties and tasks as a bank cashier that I will be performing are: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Collect and check the working cash at the start of the day from Branch Manager and counter. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Check deposit slip with accuracy before receiving the deposits in the form of cash or checks. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Verify the customer signature on the cheques and account details and then process to the cash withdrawals. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Prepare travellers cheque, cashiers cheque and personal money order. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Explain the foreign currency regulations and fees before carrying out foreign currency exchanges. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Receive and verify the payments of loans, mortgages or any utility bills. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Record the transactions accurately, promptly and in a standardized format. Also issue transaction receipts to the customers. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Process the transactions like term deposits, retirement savings plan contributions, automated teller transactions, night deposits and mail deposits. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Respond to the enquiries of the customers about their accounts. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Attempt to resolve issues in the customers account. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Explain and promote banks products or services like travellers cheques, savings bond, money orders and cashiers cheques to existing customers. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Organize the money received in the cash box and coin dispenser as per the denominations. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Compute the financial fees, interest or service charges applicable to the customers account. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ At the end of the day or shift, I will have to balance the currency, cash and cheques in the cash drawer. In order to carry out all the above mentioned duties effectively, I must possess strong arithmetic skills, customer service orientation, proficiency in computers and related software, problem solving skills, honesty and integrity and stress tolerance abilities. My academic qualification for this position: Generally, there are no formal entry qualifications. Some employers specify four GCSE (A-C)/S grades (1-3) including English and Maths. Personal qualities are often equally as important as qualifications. Previous experience and knowledge in the similar field is also necessary. As I am graduating now in BBA from a renowned university, I must qualify for this position. I also have a good result including Maths and English in my GCSE. My desired hours and work environment: As I can see many cashiers working in the bank, so my expected working hours will be 9 to 5 from Monday to Friday including Saturday on a rota system. The most of the bank cashiers usually work behind a glass fitted screen with a number of customer services at desks in the front office of the branch. Bank cashiers are provided with a corporate uniform. Cashiers may be posted to other locations temporarily, where several branches exist within a town or area. Expected Annual Salary and Benefits: As a new bank clerk my salary will start between  £8750 and  £10500 depending on the size of the bank. In the course of my experience I will be earning between  £10,500 and  £16,000 a year. As a senior cashier or specialist customer service adviser I may earn between  £13,000 and  £23,000. Many banks have profit-related bonus schemes. Other benefits can include subsidised mortgages, loans, pensions, share options and insurance cover. Opportunities: As a bank cashier I may be promoted to senior bank cashier, a specialist customer service advisor, trainee manager and then branch manager. I have also some opportunities at the head offices of banks in the treasury, training, information technology and human resources departments or in merchant or investment banking and international divisions of the larger banks. With recent advances in IT and communications technology, there are many opportunities available in regional processing and call centres. Taking the next step of my career as Head Teller, this is the first line manager directly responsible for the tellers although they perform the same tasks this person has more experience in this field and has hands on knowledge of the job so the other tellers refer to her if they have any suspicions or queries about a particular transaction. She has to authorize transactions for above a particular amount of money which is usually set by the branch manager or head of operations. She usually has the highest amount of cash in her custody and if the other tellers need cash she transfers it to them rather than the vault custodian having to go to the vault every now and again depending on how busy the branch is. She is also responsible for the well being of the other tellers when it comes to taking their breaks, the tidiness of their work stations and to ensure that they abide by the rules and regulations of the bank. THE QUALITIES OF A GOOD HEADTELLER (KSA) You must always act professionally, set international standards, remain focused and work hard, accept results within your territory, be open to coaching, respond positively to feedback, compete effectively and win so that together we can celebrate success. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Very honest with an impeccable character. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Has a friendly personality. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Is meticulous and pays attention to details. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Works under pressure. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Very conversant with numbers. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Able to change at short notice and is innovative. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Is fast and able to resolve issues quickly. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Very vigilant and takes all transactions serious. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Very patient and tolerant. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Respects all policies and procedures of the bank. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Quick in counting cash and at the same time able to detect bad notes. Vault Custodian; By the age of 24 year, I need to be a vault custodian. In the banking system, it is one of the most important positions where sensitive security issues are related in this position (Vault Custodian). I will have to do some creative works which are security involved. Like that I will be given promotion to go next post and that will be my dream job. I will have a lot of responsibilities to continue all baking activities properly and perfectly. Some of important activities I will have to perform those are (important activities related with this position) given down. http://files.turbosquid.com/Preview/Content_2009_07_15__03_14_54/Vault1.tgac4644f2f-ec04-4493-ae35-34081a2706d0Large.jpg Responsibilities of a vault custodian: Basically, I will have to use my skills, knowledge and abilities those are vital for doing things right. However, some essential activities, vault custodian, are mentioned bellow. First of all, In front of three people or individuals, I will have to close and open the vault at all the times. I will do compile all the security transaction records. Basically, I will be allowed to enter or go to vault. All the times, I will do delivery and receive securities like gold box, precious jewellery etc. To and from the vault. All securities will be deposited to bank and those calculations and monitoring will be my main job. Basically, I will have to write down the time when I opened and closed the vault. Because, it is really sensitive and safety issue for bank. When I will receive any types of precious things from customer then I will have to make sure that I did signature and description of the things which I have been given by the customer. Basically, I will need to write the details of the single or particular deposit. When anything will be pushed to the vault it is essential that make sure the account holder name and account number accurately. It is very important that release the deposit from the vault depositor (authorize) own decision. As a vault custodian I will have some important activities which are supervise the tillers and auditors. And, observing the all others activities of different other junior level activities. Basically, vault custodian just one step down the branch manager who needs to do almost same job like manager. Cash will be deposited overnight in main vault under joint custody of the dead teller and a designated bank staff. Finally I will strive forth to occupy the post of the branch manager of the bank.   Ã‚        Ã‚  The last stage of career plan is Branch Manager in a Bank .That is the dream job after passing through all the consecutive jobs successfully to reach in this position. Lets now look at the roles and responsibilities of a Branch Manager of a Bank.   Ã‚         The role of a branch manager is multifaceted. He is responsible for the overall leadership, sales force, operation and financial goals of the branch they manage. The branch manager must be familiar with the all the products and services offer by a bank and he should also be sales oriented. SALES:                Being a branch manager you are responsible for the success and failures of the goals and objectives. You should have Leadership qualities which influence the team members to motivate towards work; this will help to achieve the goals and objective. You should have an excellent communication skill to communicate with the employee, customers and society as you will be representing the bank with in the community. Other responsibilities include creating good budget sales and planning to monitor and act upon it. ADMINISTRATION:   Ã‚               Being an branch manager you will be responsible for making sure that work flows run smoothly .You are also responsible for the security and appearance of the branch facilities. You must be aware of employee or staff requirements .In any conflicts or if any problem arises which involves staff and customer a branch manager should be able to solve it effectively move ahead to achieve the goal. The other responsibilities of an branch manager include to keep an duplicate key of custody, to ensure the assets are in proper condition, to sanction the staff leave. FINANCE:             The role of a manager in a finance department is to ensure and to look after that the account Officer is maintaining proper books of accounts including basic accounting controls, for e.g. day to day cash in out, etc. She/he must ensure that all the expenses are incurred under the limit of the budget. Yes at last, finding my self in this position is in other words a dream come true. The dream I cultivated in my mind while still young has come to reality. It was not easy for me going though all those step due to the facts that; They was great competition in achieving that same post, they though time that I had to go out of my way to meet up with the customers demand and the expectations of the company, I had to match up my daily life and my work life, I had to put in great effort in my studies and I had to work as a team with colleagues that dont like me. To go through all this I had to be, flexible, enthusiastic, charismatic and very creative. Even at some point I had to employ characteristics which are not a part of my. Though through though times I had faith and it kept me going. And I will always give thanks to those that supported me in achieving my dreams like my colleagues, superiors, friends, family, and my profs. So go forth and chess your dream and never stop, Till it is accomplished. Dont forget destiny, faith, dreams, these unstoppable ideas are held dip in the heart of men. As long as they are people who seek freedom in this life, this things shall not vanish from the earth.

Spartan Political and Social System Essay example -- essays research p

Spartan Political and Social Systems Sparta was, above all, a military state, and emphasis on military fitness began at birth, imprinted through society and the political system. The education of the Spartan male children prove that the military and war was constantly a huge part of Spartan society, and the laws and systems that Sparta was governed by, only enforced the militaristic attitude into the society of Sparta. That the Spartans needed to be ready for war is proved by the discord between the Spartiate and the helots, who outnumbered and under ranked the Spartans. From birth Spartan children were expected to be physically strong and when male children were ten days old they were examined by a council of elders to see if the child had enough potential to be a warrior, or if it should be ‘exposed’. The children who were exposed were left to die at Apothetae on the slopes of Mt. Tygetus. The children who passed the examination were left in the care of their mothers until they reached the age of seven, at which point they left home to live in the barrack with other males, and were educated and trained in how to be a brave and strong warrior. While these children were still living at home they were mainly left in the care of a nurse, who taught them the first stage of their life-long education in the military. The nurses taught the children fight their fears as well as general superstition, toughening up the children so they would be able to better survive when they reach the age of seven and moved the barracks. Plutarch explains in source A how boys at the age of seven were put into the care of the state, and how they would grow up constantly training physically. When in the education system the boys learnt reading a... ...er’ in Sparta caused the Spartiates to be constantly prepared for a Helot uprise, as P. Cartledge explains in source F The helots were the Spartans slaves and were treated very poorly, being purposely set apart in image, given no rights, and beaten on several occasions. In fact each time new ephors were voted in, the helots would be rounded up and given an ‘annual beating’, so as the helots knew their place. However this treatment of the helots simply made the helots hate the Spartans, causing the Spartans to be even more prepared to an uprising, bringing the whole dilemma around in a circle. Spartans lived and breathed so that they could be ready for war. Their social and political structure shows this by their education of male Spartans, their laws and government procedures and also the necessity to be ready to protect themselves from a potential helot uprise.

Fololio Mulagia Essay

In May of 2011 a Samoan schoolteacher by the name of Folole Muliaga was sent home from a New Zealand hospital suffering from a terminal illness called cardiomyopathy. Because, doctors believed she did not have much longer to live she was sent home with two oxygen tanks to help aid her with her illness. McNaughton (2006) states that on May 29 a contractor for Vircom EMS was sent by Mercury Energy to the Muliaga’s home to disconnect the electricity supply. Mrs. Muliaga pleaded with the contractor to keep the electricity because of her health condition but he disagreed. A few short hours later Mrs.  Muliaga would perish. Prior to the Muliaga’s electricity being disconnected, the family had an outstanding balance of $168. 00, and could not afford to pay the bill. The case of Folole Muliaga would later be broadcast around the world capturing the attention of many government officials. This paper will cover many aspects including but not limited to: the consequences and outcomes of the scenario, the illegal and unethical aspects of the Mercury Company, was the role of the coroner and police department justifiable, and lastly, what reforms and guidelines were put in place as a result of the devastating tragedy? Evaluate Ethical Behavior: The Historical Case of Folole Muliaga Folole Muliaga, a 44 year old terminally ill mother of four suffering from cardiomyopathy perished after not being able to pay a $168. 00 electricity bill. As a result of Mrs. Muliaga sickness she was unable to continue her teaching career which brought in the majority of the household income. Johnston (2007) states that Mercury Energy was unaware that disconnecting power to a South Auckland home could have potentially life-threatening consequences. The resulted consequence was too harsh; to disconnect the electricity given that Mrs. Muliaga was just released from the hospital days earlier. The major price Mrs. Muliaga paid was dying 3 hours after the electricity was disconnected from her home. The family of Mrs. Muliaga would later dispute that the bill was not overdue, and that it was actually due days later. Bennett (2007) states that Folole’s husband actually made a partial payment on May 17 and would make another payment a few days later. The Mercury Energy contractor who disconnected the power says he was unaware that Mrs. Muliaga depended on oxygen tanks to live. What’s disturbing is that the Muliaga family states that when the ontractor arrived, Mrs. Muliaga invites him in and thourgly explains to him her health circumstances. She begins to plead with him not to disconnect the electricity, but he is not being attentive to her needs. He states he is simply doing his job, and that she must contact Mercury Energy to have the electricity restored. Although health professionals who treated the victim said her health problems had tremendously worsened over the past few months, does not make it morally nor ethically factual for the company to not hear the concerns of its customers. After the incident went ational the general manager for Mercury Energy stated that he was sure the company was not at fault for Mrs. Muliaga’s death. Cleve (2007) He contended: I’m confident that the processes we have put, the communications we had with the customer, were very clear about the circumstances that would happen. The general manager’s arrogance toward Muliaga’s death clearly shows his lack of concern and unethical behavior. His thoughts are that the company done nothing immorally or illegally wrong. In the case of Folole Muliaga there was almost a trial by media, pressuring Mercury to change how they conduct business with customers who ave severe medical conditions. A company’s culture is the biggest element of how it handles difficult situations. Companies no matter how large or small should have a value statement that aids them on what is considered ethical behavior. The actions of Mercury Energy were illegal in the eyes of many consumers and shareholders around the world. It’s very bothersome and also reality that individuals who occupy senior level managenet roles does not uphold the standards and intergrity when it comes to satisfying the needs of customers. Meredith (2007) says the behavior of Mercury Energy top xecutives serves to do no more than confirm just about every negative stereotype there is about impersonal, arrogant, and greedy corporates. What makes Folole’s story so alarming is that Mercury Energy is a state owned enterprise, which means the taxpayers solely, owns the company. Research states that Jones (1991) a moral issue is present when a person’s actions, when freely performed, may harm or benefit others. It’s imperative to know that many judgments are moral decisions because they have a moral component, such as the case of Folole Muliaga. The actions that took place in Mrs. Muliaga’s home was horribly illegal and unethical, because the situation was not investigated thourghly. If the contractor would have taken five minutes to contact someone about Mrs. Muliaga’s severe health condition her life probably could have been prolonged. The contractor’s irrational behavior to further assist the family is what makes this situation so demoralizing. A few weeks after Folole’s Muliaga’s death, Police announced that there was no evidence that did not point to Mercury Energy nor the contractor’s that they were at fault for Mrs. Muliaga’s death. After Folole’s death the family expressed that the Police department showed lack of â€Å"Cultural Awareness† and had â€Å"institutionalized racism†. Bridgeman (2010) Coroner Gordon Matenga concluded that Mrs. Muliaga died of natural causes but, an arrhythmia caused by morbid obesity and that the cessation of oxygen therapy and stress arising from the fact of the disconnection (as opposed to the way in which the power was disconnected) have contributed to her death. To agree with the coroner’s report individuals would really have to reexamine Folole’s case. Certainly, the victim had health issues that contributed to her death. But, the question we must ask ourselves is that if Mrs. Muliaga’s electricity was never turned off would she have still perished a few hours later. Many of us would answer the question by saying no, she would still be alive. In many of our thoughts and private belief’s we would say that Mercury Energy is responsible for her death. Summary: The Folole’s Muliaga’s story should have been an eye opener for all major corporations. Many companies today do not follow Corporate Social Responsibility. Many top managers and executives are simply in the business to make a large profit off of its shareholders and onsumers. Organizations have to reexamine the culture, morals, and values of why they are in business. Meredith (2007) In the case of Mercury Energy, those needs should have been understood to include the cultural and economic issues of a Samoan family struggling to make a go of their lives in New Zealand and to have been deserving of care and respect in addressing what turned out to be the life threatening issue of the discontinuation of their electricity supply. A variety of theoretical perspectives have been established to support researchers and most mportantly managers on social issues. These concepts would help organizations to understand the importance of having values and morals when it comes to dealing with the public. The social life cycle theory was used to analyze the Mercury Energy case. Ackerman (1975) found that, in general, the responsiveness of business organizations to social issues progresses through a three-phase trajectory; policy, learning, and commitment. Most of us who are familiar with the Muliaga case would say that the company was in refutation about the Muliaga issue.

Ten Commandments essays

Ten Commandments essays Judge Roy Moores Ten Commandments Case Judge Roy Moore has been trying his luck for quite some time trying to keep his Ten Commandments monument in the judicial building in Montgomery. Many people disagree with him trying to have the monument there, as well as the people who agree with Moore. In the article Ten Commandments Case Puts Evangelicals on Opposite Sides, from the Baptist Press, written by Michael Foust, three evangelical leaders take different sides on the case. As for the article, Roy Moore: A monumental Plot for Power?, from Newsweek, co-written by Eleanor Clift and Frederick Burger, gives stances from leaders from different backgrounds to support their claim. The case has been going on for some time, and as of recently, it was taken out of the judicial building and put into storage awaiting an decision by the U.S. Supreme court. The monument is a symbol of the Christian belief system and is argued to be a major violation of the peoples rights in this country. It all started in Moores courtroom in Gadsen, Alabama. Eleven years ago, Moore hand carved a wooden tablet of the Ten Commandments which he hung in his courtroom. Being a small town judge, it really didnt bring much attention to the subject. It wasnt till later when he decided to run for the chief justice position for which it became a big ordeal. He soon became known as the Ten Commandments judge. In the year 2000, Moore won the election for the position and quickly became the object of many eyes all across the country. There are plenty of people that are disagreeing with what he is trying to do, but a recent poll says that 77% of Alabamians support Moores position that the displaying of the commandments is constitutional. Naturally, this stirs Moores ambition. A Senate Republican said, He is clearly doing this for his own political aggrandizement.(Clift, Burger 1) ...

How to Diagnose Fluid Volume Deficit Signs and Care Plan

How to Diagnose Fluid Volume Deficit Signs and Care Plan SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Looking for information about fluid volume deficit? We’ve got you covered! In this article, we’ll explain the fluid volume deficit nursing diagnosis (AKA deficient fluid volume) and describe the causes, symptoms, and signs. We’ll also provide guidance on creating a fluid volume deficit care plan. What Is Fluid Volume Deficit? Fluid volume deficit (also known as deficient fluid volume or hypovolemia) describes the loss of extracellular fluid from the body. Extracellular fluid is the body fluid not contained within individual cells. It constitutes about 20% of our body weight and includes blood plasma, lymph, spinal cord fluid, and the fluid between cells. Importantly, this fluid isn’t just water- it also contains electrolytes and other essential solutes. Fluid volume deficit is often used interchangeably with the term â€Å"dehydration,† but they aren’t exactly the same thing. Dehydration refers specifically to the loss of body water as opposed to body fluid. What’s the difference? Electrolytes. If a patient has just lost water but no electrolytes, they’ll have slightly different issues- and require slightly different treatment- than a patient who has lost wholesale body fluids, which contains water and electrolytes. Well, some of these things are electrolytes. What Causes Fluid Volume Deficit? There are a number ways the body can lose fluid. Here are some major causes of deficient fluid volume: Blood loss from cuts/wounds Through the gastrointestinal system: vomiting and diarrhea Abnormally excessive urination (polyuria); can be caused by excessive intake of diuretic substances or medications or from renal disorder. Excessive sweating; typically sweating is more likely to cause dehydration than fluid volume deficit because the body generally expels far more water than electrolytes, but sweating can also cause deficient fluid volume in some cases. Bleeding disorders Burns (because the skin no longer protects against excessive fluid loss) The fluids in the body also constantly need to be replenished. Patients can experience deficient fluid volume if they aren’t taking in enough fluid. This is particularly an issue with infant and elderly patients. Patients can also experience fluid volume deficit if they are losing body fluids to a place inside the body where the fluid is not easily accessed by other organs and body systems; e.g. from edema or internal bleeding caused by trauma or as a complication of surgery. This is known as third spacing. Types of Fluid Volume Deficit While fluid volume deficit refers to the loss of both water and solutes from the body, there are three major types of fluid volume deficit: Isotonic: Caused by losing fluids and solutes about equally; solute concentration in the remaining extracellular fluid then remains relatively unchanged Hypertonic: Caused by losing more fluids than solutes, leading to increased solute concentration in the remaining fluid. Hypotonic: Caused by losing more solutes than fluid leading to decreased solute concentration in remaining fluid. This is the rarest type. The type of fluid volume deficit (as determined through lab work) may inform care, especially what fluids are offered to the patient to replace the lost fluid/solutes. She doesn't look very happy to be getting IV therapy. Signs and Symptoms of Fluid Volume Deficit There are a variety of fluid volume deficit signs and symptoms to check for. First we’ll discuss what major symptoms the patient may experience, and then address some ways to determine it the fluid volume deficit nursing diagnosis applies. Major Fluid Volume Deficit Signs Dizziness (orthostatic/postural hypotension) Decreased urination (oliguria) Dry mouth, dry skin Thirst and/or nausea Weight loss (except in third spacing, where the fluid will still be in the body but inaccessible) Muscle weakness and lethargy If fluid volume deficit is severe (more than 20% of body fluid volume is lost), the patient may go into hypovolemic shock. The more fluids that are lost, the more severe the symptoms will become. The following shock symptoms may manifest: Very pale skin Cool, clammy extremities (from the body trying to conserve blood flow to essential systems) Confusion and anxiety Rapid, weak pulse Fast, shallow breathing Unusual sweating Loss of consciousness Coma Get this tired dog some fluids, stat! How to Diagnose Fluid Volume Deficit There are a variety of indicators you can use to diagnose deficient fluid volume. (Well before the patient reaches coma stage!) Vital Signs Increased heart rate: with less fluid available to the circulatory system, the heart pumps faster to bring oxygen to the body. However, the pulse will also feel weaker than usual. Decreased blood pressure: in adults, lower fluid volume means lower pressure in the veins. However, note that children may still maintain high blood pressure when experiencing fluid volume deficit. You may also want to take the patient’s orthostatic vital signs (vital signs in both supine/lying down and standing positions). A decrease in the systolic blood pressure of 20 mmHg or more or in the diastolic blood pressure of 10mmHg or more when standing indicates fluid deficit. So does an increase in the heart rate of 20 bpm or more. Other Fluid Volume Deficit Signs and Symptoms Decreased skin turgor/tenting. If you pinch the patient’s skin on the back of the hand or forearm and it and â€Å"tents† for a moment before returning to normal instead of immediately snapping back into position, this is a sign of decreased fluid volume. However, because elderly individuals already have low skin elasticity, this is not a reliable test of fluid volume deficit for those patients. If you examine the tongue, you’ll most likely see several small furrows instead of the usual one main furrow. With severe fluid volume deficit, you will see signs of decreased tissue perfusion: the nail will take more than three seconds to return to normal coloration when pressed in a capillary refill nail test. Patient’s eyes may appear sunken. Skin may be pale. Neck veins will appear flat when the patient is laying back in a supine position. Lab Results BUN (blood urea nitrogen) to serum creatinine ratio in the blood will likely be abnormally elevated–20:1 or more. Urine specific gravity and osmolality will be elevated, indicating more highly concentrated urine. Urine may also appear a deep amber color, and there will be decreased urine output. Hematocrit (the percentage of red blood cells in blood plasma) increases (unless fluid was lost due to hemorrhage, in which case you would likely see a drop in hematocrit post-hemorrhage) Depending on the cause of the deficient fluid volume, you may also see: Hypokalemia (decreased potassium in the bloodstream) is commonly caused by vomiting, diarrhea, excessive sweating, or renal (kidney) disorder. Hyponatremia (decreased sodium in blood) OR hypernatremia (increased sodium in the blood) could be present depending on the types of fluid lost. An increase in vasopressin/antidiuretic hormone may also occur as the body constricts the blood vessels and retains remaining body fluid to maintain blood pressure. The other kind of lab! Potential Complications of Fluid Volume Deficit When left untreated, severe fluid volume deficit can lead to: Renal failure Heart failure General organ failure (from lack of oxygen) Death Even if patient’s life is saved through fluid infusion, if they reach the point of organ failure they may experience irreversible damage to some body systems. Fluid Volume Deficit Care Plan A nursing care plan is a written document that tracks what you have done and will do to take care of a particular patient’s individual needs. Nursing students generally need to create fairly detailed care plans fully from scratch at part of their training in order to learn nursing best practices and to practice the analytical skills critical for good nursing. However, if you are a working nurse, your place of work probably has a computer system that partially generates a care plan based on the input of the relevant nursing diagnoses. We'll go through the four parts of a nursing care plan (the diagnosis, goals for patient recovery, nursing orders or interventions, and evaluation) tailored to fluid volume deficit. We also have links to useful examples of completed fluid volume deficit care plans. Diagnosis First, you'll identify the relevant nursing diagnosis or diagnoses. Unlike medical diagnoses, which typically identify the specific medical condition at issue (i.e. diabetes, bronchitis, celiac disease), nursing diagnoses describe the more immediate and ongoing physical and psychological needs of the patient. According to the standards set by NANDA International, a nursing diagnosis is typically written in a three-part manner: first the diagnosis, then what the diagnosis is related to (its direct cause), and finally the evidence for that diagnosis. You can reference the common direct causes and diagnostic signs and symptoms of fluid volume deficit as noted above for help creating your diagnostic statement. An example fluid volume deficit nursing diagnosis statement might look something like this: â€Å"Fluid volume deficit related to diarrhea and vomiting secondary to gastroenteritis as evidenced by decreased skin turgor, low blood pressure, and decreased urine output.† â€Å"Risk for fluid volume deficit† or â€Å"risk for deficient fluid volume† is a slightly different nursing diagnosis that can be used to describe patients who, while not yet exhibiting serious signs of fluid volume deficit, are at particular risk of developing the issue. A risk nursing diagnosis only has two parts: the diagnosis (â€Å"risk for fluid volume deficit†) is related to whatever the cause of the potential future issue is (â€Å"diarrhea and vomiting†). So the risk diagnosis would be â€Å"risk for fluid volume deficit related to diarrhea and vomiting.† The patient may also have other nursing diagnoses in addition to fluid volume deficit. These should be included in the care plan. Any other diagnoses you made would be specific to the patient and based on a head-to-toe assessment (coming soon). I diagnose this owl with incredible cuteness. Goals The overall goal of a nursing care plan for a stable patient with deficient fluid volume is to safely restore fluids and necessary electrolytes to the body, but you’ll want to be more specific than that. Good goals for your care plan should be specific to the patient and measurable (so you can definitively assess whether the goal has been met). Depending on the patient, here are some example goals that might be appropriate for treating fluid volume deficit. Patient is no longer deficient in fluid volume as evidenced by: Urine output of at least 30 mL/hour (720 mL/day) Systolic blood pressure restored to patient baseline (or 90 mmHg) Patient heart rate of 60-100 bpm (or patient baseline) Improved skin turgor Normal BUN and hematocrit lab values Orders/Interventions While the particular interventions you choose in your care plan should be tailored to the patient and the severity of their condition, here are some potentially appropriate nursing interventions for fluid volume deficit. Note that some of these deficient fluid volume interventions are not highly specific because they would need to be tailored to the individual patient. If you do use these interventions in a care plan, be sure to select appropriate benchmarks for the patient and add more information. Administer intravenous fluid therapy as prescribed; monitor fluid replacement levels closely to ensure patient does not experience fluid overload Administer blood transfusion products as prescribed Offer electrolyte-rich oral fluids (like a sports drink) if tolerated/appropriate; assist patient in drinking if necessary Assess patient mental state for signs of confusion/agitation Provide oral hygiene to patient at least two times a day (so patient can respond to the sensation of thirst) Maintain record of patient intake and output of fluids Weigh patient daily in the same clothes on the same scale Monitor lab values: hematocrit (assess every 30 mins to 4 hours as appropriate); BUN to creatinine; others as appropriate Monitor skin turgor and moisture of mucous membranes Monitor vital signs (blood pressure and heart rate), including orthostatic vital signs Assess amount, color, and osmolality of urine Provide necessary education about maintaining appropriate hydration to patient Patient can name fluid volume deficit symptoms that indicate a need to seek medical care Evaluation In your fluid volume deficit care plan, you’ll use this section to track what interventions and orders were successfully implemented, assess patient progress towards the goals, and evaluate whether each of the fluid volume deficit interventions (and interventions for any other diagnoses you made) described in the plan should be ceased, continued, or revised. Well, this dog seems pretty happy with how everything is going. Example Fluid Volume Deficit Care Plans There are several sources of example care fluid volume deficit care plans. Here are some you may find useful: Prenhall Nursing Care Plan- Deficient Fluid Volume This example nursing plan is free supplemental material from a Prentice Hall nursing textbook. It offers a detailed case study with a nursing care plan for fluid volume deficit tailored to the particular patient. Nursing Concept Blogspot- Deficient Fluid Volume This care plan is quite detailed and offers explanations and rationale for lots of different potential nursing interventions for fluid volume deficit. Additionally, it segments out which interventions might be appropriate for different patient populations. Nurses Labs Deficient Fluid Volume Care Plan This is a very detailed care plan with detailed suggestions for nursing assessment and nursing interventions, along with rationales. It could be a helpful resource for students who need to write rationales for their care plans. Nurses Labs- Hypovolemic Shock Care Plan This care plan is specifically for addressing hypovolemic shock caused by fluid volume deficit, with specific interventions. RN Speak Hypovolemia Nursing Management This isn’t a complete care plan, but it does offer lots of specific assessment and interventions that could be incorporated into a fluid volume deficit nursing care plan. RN Central Fluid Volume Deficit Care Plan This care plan is laid out similarly to the computer care plans generated in hospitals, where the nurse simply selects the relevant components of the diagnosis, outcome, and interventions. It’s not very detailed but it gives a good idea of how quick care plans are generated in the field. Delmar Learning Fluid Volume Concept Map This isn’t laid out like a traditional care plan. However, nursing students may find it helpful as it lays out how all of the different parts of the fluid volume deficit care plan are conceptually related to each other. Plans are very important! Key Takeaways: Fluid Volume Deficit â€Å"Fluid volume deficit† (which is the same as â€Å"deficient fluid volume† or hypovolemia) is a nursing diagnosis that describes a loss of extracellular fluid from the body. Gastrointestinal issues, blood loss (internal or external), inadequate fluid intake, and renal disorder are all things that can place a patient at risk for fluid volume deficit. There are a variety of signs and symptoms of fluid volume deficit you can look for, including dizziness, dry mouth and skin, thirst and/or nausea, low blood pressure, and an increased heart rate. If the fluid loss is very serious, the patient will go into hypovolemic shock and you might see the following severe fluid volume deficit symptoms: Pallor, confusion, cool/clammy extremities, fainting, and even coma. Deficient fluid volume can be diagnosed through a combination of observation and assessment of patient body systems, vital signs, and lab work. Finally, we also discussed how to make a fluid volume deficit care plan and listed potential goals, outcomes, and nursing intervention. The main deficient fluid volume interventions are to monitor the patient’s fluid levels and safely restore the lost fluid. What's Next? Looking for a blood pressure chart? We've got you covered. If you're looking for ICD-10 codes, we have the codes for abdominal pain and diabetes. Got a patient with shingles? We have pictures of the infamous rash, common shingles treatments, and some methods of transmission to avoid. Need help converting fluid measurements? Find out how many cups four quarts is here.